During Biblical times, the Lydian warriors were famous archers. The Hebrew term for Lydians, Lûḏîm (לודים), as found in the Book of Jeremiah (46.9), has been similarly considered, beginning with Flavius Josephus, to be derived from Lud son of Shem however, Hippolytus of Rome (234 AD) offered an alternative opinion that the Lydians were descended from Ludim, son of Mizraim. This etiological eponym served to account for the Greek ethnic name Lydoi (Λυδοί). 7) adds that the "Meiones" were renamed Lydians after their king Lydus (Λυδός), son of Atys, during the mythical epoch that preceded the Heracleid dynasty. 385) Hyde may have been the name of the district in which Sardis was located. Homer describes their capital not as Sardis but as Hyde ( Iliad xx. 431) refers to the inhabitants of Lydia as Maiones (Μαίονες). According to Greek source, the original name of the Lydian kingdom was Maionia (Μαιονία), or Maeonia: Homer ( Iliad ii. In Hittite times, the name for the region had been Arzawa. Lydia developed after the decline of the Hittite Empire in the 12th century BC. History Early history: Maeonia and Lydia Lydian finally became extinct during the 1st century BC. Lydian had also undergone extensive syncope, leading to numerous consonant clusters atypical of Indo-European languages. Similar to other Anatolian languages, it featured extensive use of prefixes and grammatical particles to chain clauses together. Due to its fragmentary attestation, the meanings of many words are unknown but much of the grammar has been determined. The Lydian language was an Indo-European language in the Anatolian language family, related to Luwian and Hittite. After the Persian conquest the River Maeander was regarded as its southern boundary, and during imperial Roman times Lydia comprised the country between Mysia and Caria on the one side and Phrygia and the Aegean Sea on the other. Later, the military power of Alyattes and Croesus expanded Lydia, which, with its capital at Sardis, controlled all Asia Minor west of the River Halys, except Lycia. It was bounded first by Mysia, Caria, Phrygia and coastal Ionia. The boundaries of historical Lydia varied across the centuries. Büyük Menderes River also known as Maeander is river in Lydia.
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